What are some essential programming skills that all programmers should know, besides JavaScript?

Sure! Here are some essential programming skills every programmer should know:

1. Python - For versatility and ease of use in various fields.

2. SQL - For managing and querying databases.

3. Version Control (Git) - For tracking changes and collaboration.

4. Data Structures and Algorithms - For problem-solving and efficient coding.

5. HTML/CSS - For web development basics.

6. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) - For designing scalable and maintainable code.

7. Debugging and Testing - For finding and fixing issues.

8. APIs - For integrating different services and applications.

9. Linux/Command Line - For managing systems and automating tasks.

10. Basic Networking - For understanding how applications communicate over networks.