Are there any formulas to write a novel's beginning, middle and end? Can you give some examples of books that follow such formulas effectively?

I think “formula” is the wrong word. There are several blueprints or forms that lay out an effective novel—see THE HERO’S JOURNEY, SAVE THE CAT, and others. I have written a simple one called THE PLOT SKELETON, which works for any kind of story writing—screenplays, novels, epic poetry, etc.

All effective stories have rising and falling action around the protagonist. These forms, or blueprints, simply make sure you put story elements in the right place. Any novel or movie that works follows one of these forms.