Can you explain the key concepts of information, data, knowledge, and information management and how they differ from each other?

Even Aristotle would be epistemically-challenged to differentiate such terms!!! The question really is where EXACTLY is the music? Is it in a) in the mind of the composer? b) the staves in the music's representation, c) the musician's mind as it's interpreted upon rendition, on, say, a piano keyboard, d) the piano itself, e) any and all recordings of its renditions… f) any and all, and hence whatever other representations? Likewise, but equally abstrusely, where is the arithmetic, it's certainly not ONLY “in" the physical calculator… Maybe that's why even latter-day “programmers" (even self-esteemed “software engineers") keep refererring to “CODE” all the time, like some SOURCE DESCRIPTION written as a string in some programming LANGUAGE is as mysterious as a 1960′s mainframe computer in, say, a James Bond movie, or THE BILLION DOLLAR BRAIN? IT'S NOT CODE!!! just as a formal specification’s SOURCE DESCRIPTION written in say, ‘Z' or ‘VDM' is in any way encoded, in fact, it is specifically intended to be EXACTLY THE OPPOSITE. Note the term “epistemically-challenged" is simply intended to suggest as in (not my definition, borrowed from elsewhere!) “…in a way that relates to knowledge or the study of knowledge: Their beliefs are epistemically defective because they are formed using unreliable methods. Sharing our evidence has been epistemically beneficial to everyone in the class.” Simples-ish (:-)